Cockroaches and Health Essays - Bacteriology, Bacterial Diseases

General Purpose: To inform about a new discovery. Specific Purpose Statement: To inform the audience about the health benefits of cockroaches. Organizational Pattern: Topical Thesis: Molecules in the brains of cockroaches and locusts are being tested and succeeding in the treatment of bacterial infections. Introduction I.Attention Getter: An average of 18,000 people around the world die from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) each year (Webb, 2008). About 73,000 people are infected with E. Coli each year (Center for Disease Control, 2006). That is nearly equal to triple Purdue?s entire student campus dying of becoming infected each year. A new study shows molecules from cockroaches and locust brains can kill 90% of these and other superbugs (France-Presse, 2010). II.Relevance Statement: Every year or every few years, the doctor gives everyone shots to prevent infections from bacteria. Most of you do not know what is in the different types of antibiotics used to treat or prevent infections. Soon, some of your medications may include parts of brains from cockroaches and locust. III.Credibility Statement: Since fall is now upon us, flu and other seasonal sickness come with it. I conducted some research on ways to prevent catching microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics, better known as ?superbugs?. IV.Thesis Statement: Molecules in the brains of cockroaches and locusts are being tested and succeeding in the treatment of bacterial infections. Directional Transition: I will begin by describing the study done in this new field of medicine. Body I. According to a September 2010 article published in New Scientist, extracts from the brains of locust and cockroaches can kill microorganisms which are antibiotic resistant, known as ?superbugs.? A.Various molecules from within the insect?s brains were used to fight bacteria. i.Nine distinct chemical extracts from locust brains killed Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) (Coghlan, 2010). ii.Seven other distinct chemical extracts killed Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Coghlan, 2010). B.It is suspected the proteins in cockroach and locust brains are the reasoning for the resistance against the pathogens (Society for General Microbiology, 2010). i.Other parts of cockroaches and locust were tested, such as fat, muscle, and fluids within the body, but brain molecules were all that killed the bacterial infections (Society for General Microbiology, 2010). ii.Shark skin and other animals have also been tested; however, none were as successful (Society for General Microbiology, 2010). Directional Transition: Now that I have described the research, I will explain why these insects specifically are being used. II.Scientists have reasoning for picking the cockroach and locust as possibilities for treatments against bacteria and other pathogens. A.Locust and cockroaches live in an environment which would be very unhealthy to humans (France-Presse, 2010). i.Due to their unusual living conditions, cockroaches and locusts naturally produce own germ killers (Allen, 2010). B.Locust and cockroaches brains are their most vital organ and it must be protected at all times because if the nervous system fails the cockroach or locust will die. i.Destruction of their brains is their only death, since other limbs can grow back (Rutherford, 2010). ii.Their need for protection led scientist to believe they have something in their brains which can fight off microorganisms (Rutherford, 2010). Directional Transition: Now that I have explained why these insects are being used, I will discuss the benefits of cockroach and locust brain molecules to conventional antibiotics. III.The cockroach and locust brains being used for medication have many advantages to the original antibiotics. A.A diluted amount of molecules were used in test trials. i.90% kill rate which beats how comparable antibiotics because current antibiotics weaken bacteria and force body to fight it off (France-Presse, 2010) ii.A very lose dose was used to achieve such a high kill rate, an advantage over repetitive and high doses that are occasionally used now (Rutherford, 2010). B.In the test done, little harm or side effects were noticed. i.There were no toxic effects were seen on human brain cells. ii.All side effects are unknown due to the study being in its early stages. Directional Transition: I have now discussed the benefits, reasoning for use, and research behind the use of cockroach and locust brains being used as an antibiotic. Conclusion I.Restatement of Thesis: Molecules in the brains of cockroaches and locusts are being tested and succeeding in the treatment of bacterial infections. II.Clincher: In a few years the antibiotics you receive at your doctor visit might not be just a long name of molecules

12 High Paying Entry Level Jobs

12 High Paying Entry Level Jobs Just starting out, but disheartened by the measly pay at most entry-level positions? Daunted by the amount of time it would take you to become financially solvent and start living the life you really want? While it pays to remain humble, realizing you’ll have to work hard to ascend any ladder, there are a few jobs out there that pay surprisingly well, even for someone just starting out.Here are 12 primo examples.Video Game Design – Starting Pay $60KLove video games? DREAM CAREER. You might not even need an undergraduate degree, just design sense and coding mastery. If you’ve got both the artistic and technical merit (a hard-to-come-by combination!), you can be rewarded from the get-go, with a salary upwards of $60k.Air Traffic Control – Starting Pay $64KYou might be resigning yourself to a career of at times excruciating stress, but the pay starts high and can more than double in the course of your career. If you’re comfortable holding hundreds of t housands of lives in the balance every day you go to work, you might be looking at as much as $64k in your first year.Nurse Midwifery – Starting Pay $80KLove healing? Not squeamish? Being a nurse midwife might be a great career for you. It does require an advanced degree, but it’s much less intense than full-blown med school. Plus, the starting salary is over $80k, so loans aren’t quite so daunting. The demand is extremely high; salaries will continue surging as you build your practice.Hardware Engineering – Starting Pay $65KAgain, you have to have the skills. Computer technology is geeky, intricate, and extremely demanding. But the compensation is high. $65k will turn into closer to $100k in just a few years.Podiatry – Starting Pay $116kSure, you have to get your doctorate. And not be weirded out by feet. But you might be looking at six figures in your first year of practice- more if you specialize. Your med school loans shouldn’t be a prob lem with that kind of cash.Dentistry – Starting Pay $180kYears of training, then an astronomical income. School, school, and more school, plus four years and a handful of professional exams for licensure and certification. But the money is a dream: think about $180k in the first year.Psychiatry – Starting Pay $80kYou’ll need med school, a residency, licenses and certifications- years and years of expensive training, but you’ll make about $80k a year to start. And that will continue going up.Actuary – Starting Pay $60kYou can make up to $60k a year at the entry level- provided you can synthesize math and statistics skills with financial theory and find work for an insurance or pension company.Landscape Architecture – Starting Pay $60kThis is not  just a fancy way of saying â€Å"gardener.† Landscape architects usually have at least one degree in the field and know a lot more than how to prune a rosebush. It’s a great career fo r someone who loves the outdoors and the environment, and has that extra aesthetic sense to make things beautiful. First-year salaries hover around $45k, but with bonuses usually tip the scales at $60k.Pharmacology – Starting Pay $100kThe lady who fills your prescriptions might be just about your age, but chances are she’s making twice the money. After undergrad, there’s a four-year â€Å"PharmD† program to get through, but starting salaries are over $100k.Market Research Analysis – Starting Pay $50kYou can easily net over $50k in your first year if you can work with numbers, patterns, trends, and work with focus groups to read markets and corporations. This job requires at least a bachelor’s degree.Pharmaceutical Sales – Starting Pay $50k – 85kIf you’ve got charisma and can sell, it hardly matters what you’re selling. You might not even need a degree if you can supply prior (and successful) sales experience. Youà ¢â‚¬â„¢ll have to travel quite frequently and memorize a bunch of scientific and financial details, but you can make between $50 and $85k right away.

Digital Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital Marketing - Essay Example is a private organization of US that has its business in the industry of men’s clothing. The company is widely known for its Denim brand of jeans sold across the globe. Levi Strauss & Co. received its first US patent of manufacturing denim jeans or blue jeans in the year of 1873. The company was founded by Levi Strauss and is being controlled by the private owners or descendants of the company and headquartered in San Francisco in USA. Over the years, the company has expanded its operations and sales in Europe, Middle-East, Africa, Asia Pacific and several other parts of the world. The company employs around 10,500 people all over the world. In order to expand its operations both in US as well as in the overseas markets, the company increased its manufacturing units. The number of manufacturing plants increased from 16 plants in 1964 to 63 plants in 1974. Apart from this, 23 overseas plants were set up by the company. Between 1980s and the 1990s, the use of jeans by societies across the world increased rapidly. The company followed the market trend to increase its operations. Riding on the high rate of growth of revenues and profits earned over the years, the company offered to pay unusual dividend of $750 million to their workers over a period of six years. The company earned revenues of $4.4 billion in 2010 with a net operating income of $381 million. Market, products & services, customers, digital presence The Levis brand of men’s clothing is a pioneer in the sale of jeans and other fashionable wear for men. Levis capitalized on the emerging trend of fashion and the increasing taste of blue jeans by the greater part of the population. The company acquired Great Western Garment Co. in order to increase its offering of jeans to its customers. Apart from blue jeans, the company also started to offer stone-washed jeans in order to tap the market potentials. The products offered by the company are mainly jeans. The denim jeans are the core product o f the company. Over the year the years, the company has expanded its operation by riding the trend of the mainly young generation who has got inclinations towards wearing jeans. Variations in the different categories of jeans were included in the gamut of product offerings. The stone-washed jeans also became popular with the blue jeans sold by the company. The young generation is the target market segment of the company. The company has adapted to the emerging lifestyle in order to increase base of customers. The spread of the brand name across the world has led to increase in customer base. In the age of globalization, the physical existence of shopping stores has started to become irrelevant. The change in the lifestyle, availability of time, speed of livelihood and the changing tastes of the customers have led to the advent of online shopping (Smith and Chaffey, 2013, p.79). The company have also resorted to the online marketing tools and increased its digital presence in the bus iness world. Levis brands of men’s clothing capitalized on the online marketing tools that increased revenue earnings of the company through e-commerce. The use of social media platforms enhanced the prospective of marketing its products and services. The increase in digital presence increased the access of the products and services of the company to a wide range of customers. The customers could sit in a position and exchange information or share experiences on the Levis clothes for men (Straus and Frost, 2011, p.49). The customers also had the option of use electronic devices like mobile, laptops, etc and use internet for shopping of menswear offered by

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - Research Paper Example Epidemiology The incidence of this condition in the United States is 4-14 per 100,000 children of less than 16 years of age, per year (Rabinovich, 2010). The prevalence rates are estimated to be 9-113 cases, per 100,000 population in general (Rabinovich, 2010). Internationally, it has been found that this condition is more prevalent among certain populations like Native Americans (Rabinovich, 2010). Etiology More often than not, the cause of this condition is idiopathic and most researchers are of the opinion that the disease occurs due to interaction of multiple factors, the environmental, genetic and infectious factors (Ringold et al, 2005). The gene which has been implicated for this condition is IL2RA/CD25 gene. Another gene which has been implicated is VTCN1 gene (Rabinovich, 2010). Pathophysiology The pathogenesis is not well understood. Most of the experts opine that an external trigger, in the form of trauma or infection triggers autoimmune reaction and this leads to synovial hypertrophy and inflammation of the synovium. The inflammation extends further and affects other organs too (Rabinovich, 2010). ... The onset is either abrupt or insidious. other symptoms include limping, gastrointestinal symptoms, redness of eye, fever, photophobia, orthopnea, weight loss, systemic illness and shortness of breath (Ringold et al, 2005). Children with this condition usually have history of school absences. They are unlikely to participate in physical education classes. In many children, a triggering factor, either in the form of infection or in the form of trauma may be noted. History of travel to regions endemic for ticks can point to a diagnosis of Lyme's disease. In some children anemia may be present. Illness in home pets is significant and can point to the diagnosis of reactive arthritis (Rabinovich, 2010). Physical examination may reveal arthritis, macular rash, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, muscle tenderness, serositis and pericardial rub (Rabinovich, 2010). Types There are mainly 5 types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis which have been described. These are based on the number of joi nts involved within 6 months of presentation and associated involvement of other organs in the body (Ringold et al, 2005). They are: 1. Oligoarthritis: This is the most common type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and accounts for more than 50 percent of the cases. It involves less than 5 joints. Uveitis is commonly associated with this type (Ringold et al, 2005). 2. Polyarthritis: More than 5 joints are involved in this type (Ringold et al, 2005). 3. Systemic arthritis: Systemic involvement is predominant in this type and presents as fever, generalised rash and inflammation of various other organs along with arthritis. 10- 20 percent cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis present with systemic involvement (Ringold et al, 2005). 4. Enthesitis-related

The Abyssinian crisis led to the failure of the League of Nations Essay

The Abyssinian crisis led to the failure of the League of Nations - Essay Example This organization is commonly known as the League of Nations, which is the predecessor of the United Nations. The League of Nations was categorical that members must maintain peace among themselves and with other countries in the world. However, in 1935, one League member, Italy, attacked another member, Abyssinia. There were clear signs that Italy would attack Abyssinia but nothing was done by the League of Nations to prevent the attack. It seemed like the League was biased towards countries which led to that attack and several others that eventually led to the fall of the League of Nations. The Failure of the League of Nations to solve the Italy and Abyssinian crisis discredited the League significantly and is probably one of the reasons the League of Nations failed in the subsequent years. The League of Nations When the World War One finally came to an end in November 1918, many people in the world did not want to experience or have their future generations experience the horrors of war ever again. Leaders from Europe, United States and other world countries met in France in 1919 to come up with an organization that would safeguard the world from wars. The main working principles of the League of Nations were disarmament of the countries and provide security to the League members like an alliance. Under these terms and conditions, no League member would attack another League member. In the case of disputes among the members of the League, democratic process would be used to solve the dispute amicably under the oversight of the other members of the League of Nations. Events Leading to Italy-Abyssinia Crisis of1935 Italy was one of the most powerful countries immediately after the World War One. Benito Mussolini, the Italian Prime Minister of the time envisioned a large Italian empire that would be ruled by him. In this case, he was looking for regions to expand the Italian invasion to. The large empire would provide the much required material for the Italian industries and Military as well as provide regions for expanding population to settle in. A large empire would also play an important role in instilling national pride and prestige. In fact, Winston Churchill had lamented that countries that were dependent on many war commodities like Italy would consider getting unhampered imports (Florian 7). Italy also felt left behind by its European peers in the scramble for Africa in especially the Easy African region. The country has possessions in East Africa were not resourceful as its peers and wanted to expand. It is also claimed that the Battle of Adowa, in which Italian troops were defeated by Abyssinian troops was of great shame and Mussolini wanted to revenge the attack. In fact, it is thought that he was looking for reasons to regain glory by defeating Abyssinia (Mendum and Waugh 19). A German official was quoted saying that Mussolini was not moving his troops in Africa back to Italy without glory. There were Italian troops in Somali a and Libya at the time (Kelly and Lacey 78). An opportunity for Benito Mussolini to do exactly what he was waiting for arose in December 1934 during the Wal Wal dispute. It is claimed that on 22nd November 1934, Ethiopian troops arrived at the Wal Wal fort and demanded that the Somali-Italian troops there to withdraw from the fort as it was in Ethiopia. The head of the fort refused but the Ethiopian troops persisted for the following days. Tensions were high and between 5th and 7th December 1934, there were collisions between Ethiopians and Italians and Somalis. None of the two parties involved in the incident claimed responsibility. The Italian government demanded that the

PESTEL Analysis of John Lewis and Oxfam

PESTEL Analysis of John Lewis and Oxfam Unit 1 Exploring Business Activity Assignment 3 D2 D2: evaluate how future changes in economic political, legal and social factors, may impact on the strategy of a specified organisation. John Lewis Political The political factor has impacted John Lewis enormously. New laws bring limits on what they can do and what is legal to do. There are a few major laws that have affected John Lewis more than others: Sales of good act 1979, goods must be: To a satisfying standard Made to work for the purpose known by the seller As described This law makes sure that John Lewis produces goods to a satisfying standard and that they actually work for the purpose that the seller knows. All products must be as described making the marketing job harder as they must not be biased. Trade descriptions act 1968, good must be correctly described including: The way they were made or processed What they are made of Their fitness for purpose This is similar to the sales of goods act and ensures the customer that the items are correctly described. Data protection act 1998, the information collected by marketers must be: Obtained fairly and lawfully Used only for the purposes stated during collection Adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the intended use Accurate and where necessary kept up to date Not kept for longer than necessary Protected from unauthorised use Available for inspection and correction by the individual Subject to procedures to prevent unlawful processing, accidental loss, destruction and damage to personal data Protected from transfer to an area outside the European Economic Area (EEA), unless adequate protection exists for that data in the area A quite recent and very important act, the data protection act, makes sure that John Lewis do not exchange personal data collected from customers in order to gain money from niche market lists. What has John Lewis done to face the impact? John Lewis has done a lot of things to face the impact politics have had on them. The sale of good act has made John Lewis train their staff a lot more when they market their product to the public. They try not be biased and over exaggerate what the product really does. This way the public arent being lied to or deceived. John Lewis have had to adapt their descriptions on packaging so that it clearly states what it does so that there is no grey areas left when the buyer purchases the product. This is also the same reasons for the trade descriptions act. With the data protections act John Lewis have had to edit their websites and say, whenÂÂ   a customer puts their email address in to receive monthly news letters, that they wont pass the information on to other businesses thus preventing spam mail. All information gathered from any primary or secondary research is kept to just John Lewis and its partnerships (Waitrose). Environmental Environmental factors are new and are fast growing with the rise of Copenhagen. Everyone is talking about how to cut emissions and carry out activities in an eco friendly way. A carbon footprintis a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day-to-day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc. There is more pressure than ever for john lewis to reduce its carbon footprint. They have made small changes over the years, such as recyclable paper and energy efficient cars but they hope to make more changes in the future like powering a department off of solar panels. What has John Lewis done to face the impact? John Lewis has done a lot to face the environmental impact of green house gases. We actively promote responsible and sustainable methods of agriculture, animal husbandry and biodiversity and have taken on suppliers that offer eco friendly products. These products include; energy-saving washing machines, kettles and showers. The major change that has happened is the eco friendly cars that are more energy efficient. Social There are many social factors that have affected John Lewis but the main factor is the trend of fashion. Massive boom in fashion has paid John Lewis well with a lot of people shopping at their store for branded items; this includes anything from clothing to kitchen appliances. What has John Lewis done to face the impact? In response to the high fashion trend of all young to middle aged people, John Lewis have increased their stock line and invested in more branded items such as Ralph Lauren. They have also had to employ more staff on clothing departments in many stores due to the high demand of products and constant need for clothes to be out on stock on time. Technological The massive advancements in technology mean a lot of changes to John Lewis. Since they started in the 1800s they have experienced the introduction of the internet. The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. With the power of the internet John Lewis have been able to sell products online, message customers electronically and send out advertisements on the web. In the past month a faster broadband has been released of 50mb, this gives john lewis the power of ultimate speed and efficiency when trying to function online. The introduction of the chip and pin makes it easier for customers to pay for items and prevents them from having to carry loose change around. It makes John Lewis process faster. What has John Lewis done to face the impact? John Lewis has really grasped the impact of technology and has set up a massive online website from which customers can register an account, order products, post feedback, give advice to fellow customers and speak to other people on a forum about almost anything in general. They have online chat installed on their website for better means of customer service and also have a computerised robot that helps answer frequently answered questions. In order to do all of this John Lewis have had to employ a huge IT team in order to set up all the networks, host servers and maintain the standard of the website and servers. Any faults or glitches are reported to this team and dealt with immediately. The use of chip and pin has also been executed well by John Lewis. They have chip and pin on every single checkout to provide a better, more efficient and faster process. Customers have had to adapt to the new technology also and there are fliers created by John Lewis on how to use the chip and pin instead of cash or loose change.ÂÂ   Suppliers of John Lewis have also been affected as they now receive their orders of products online rather than on the phone, it means that they dont have to be on the phone all day and can just check their website for orders come in overnight. Oxfam Political The political factor has impacted Oxfam enormously. New laws bring limits on what they can do and what is legal to do. There are a few major laws that have affected Oxfam more than others: Sales of good act 1979, goods must be: To a satisfying standard Made to work for the purpose known by the seller As described Trade descriptions act 1968, good must be correctly described including: The way they were made or processed What they are made of Their fitness for purpose This means Oxfam have to describe their operations accurately and not defy the people who donate for the operation to function. What has Oxfam done to face the impact? In order to face the impact of political change Oxfam have trained their staff to describe products and operation goals accurately and not to lie or be at all biased. Environmental Environmental factors are new and are fast growing with the rise of Copenhagen. Everyone is talking about how to cut emissions and carry out activities in an eco friendly way. A carbon footprintis a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day-to-day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc. There is more pressure than ever for Oxfam to reduce its carbon footprint. They have made small changes over the years, such as recyclable paper and energy efficient cars but they hope to make more changes in the future like powering a department off of solar panels. What has Oxfam done to face the impact? Marks Spencer and Oxfam have joined forces to launch the MS and Oxfam Clothes Exchange, the biggest programme in the UK to encourage consumers to recycle their clothes. The Exchange is designed to both raise money for Oxfams work to tackle poverty and injustice and to reduce the one million tonnes of clothing sent by the public to landfill in the UK each year. Oxfam have also started a campaign called Green Grannies in which a granny, Barbara Walmsley, reveals tips on how to save on everyday products. She displays tips on how to make the most of stale bread, mend old clothes and find new use for unused clothes. Social There are many social factors that have affected John Lewis but the main factor is the trend of fashion. A lot of people have felt the pressure in the past to have to donate to charities because they feel selfish keeping all their money to themselves. As other people do it, it increases the pressure for more people to donate as it makes them think about if they are being selfish. What has Oxfam done to face the impact? Oxfam has had to re-invest money in ad-campaigns persuading even more people to donate and to raise a lot of awareness for operations that might not always hit the news. Technological The massive advancements in technology mean a lot of changes to Oxfam. Since they started in the 1800s they have experienced the introduction of the internet. The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. With the power of the internet Oxfam have been able to receive donations online, message customers electronically and send out advertisements on the web. In the past month a faster broadband has been released of 50mb, this gives Oxfam the power of ultimate speed and efficiency when trying to function online. What has Oxfam done to face the impact? Oxfam have faced the impact of technology by keeping up with the times and creating an online website with all the news and details. They have also launched big marketing campaigns via advertisements on the internet; these are displayed on well known sites such as facebook and youtube. Oxfam have also built massive databases with details of all the volunteers and have put it all on electronically. Reference: http://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/Display.aspx?MasterId=896114ba-7ef6-4d94-970c-fcde19b39799NavigationId=1626

Disc Assessment Essay

DISC Assessment Paper Organizational behavior studies have become more significant in today’s present years than hey were before in past years, this is due to companies realizing that in order to acclimatize to the constantly changing business cultures that have stemmed from a competitive and rapidly moving market, they must put more emphasis on the correlation between human behavior and the organization. Understanding this concept has led many several companies to put investment into behavior assessments and seminars and use them as a training tool to educate their employees and learn the reasons for each person’s behavior and attitudes and how to handle and approach these various types of behaviors and attitudes. In this paper we will be discussing the study of various behaviors via taking the DISC platinum Rule Behavioral Style Assessment to identify both me and my learning team member’s predominant behavior styles. We will then analyze our behavior styles, our strengths and weaknesses identified within our styles and whether or not we agree or disagree with the assessment. The DISC Assessment categorized both of our behavioral types as being the interactive style and our sub styles were lc. The Interactive Style also called I Style is friendly, enthusiastic, a â€Å"party animal† that love to be where all the action is. They thrive on the acknowledgment, admiration and compliments that follow being in the spot light. They are more relationship-oriented than they are task-oriented. An Interactive style’s strengths are charm, persuasiveness, warmth and enthusiasm. They are gifted in skills and communication between individuals as well as groups. They are optimists with a large amount of charisma. They are also dreamers and idea-people who excel in getting others excited about their vision. All of these qualities assist them in influencing people and building alliances. The interactive style’s weaknesses are pinpointed as poor follow-through, carelessness, exaggeration and disorganization. They have a habit of getting to involved in too many activities and lose interest quickly. Furthermore, they can at times be seen as being impetuous, manipulative, and excitable when displaying behavior that is inappropriate to a situation. When analyzing the results of the DISC Assessment and the summary of my behavior. We were able to comprehend why we function and act the way that we do while interacting with our co workers, family and people. We both started to think about our adolescent years until now and realized that everyone wanted to be our friends and we were also chosen to be the leader most of the time. I would sometimes avoid being the leader and Gina would always be the leader but we were also both content with just being apart of the activities and tasks needing to be accomplished but our ability to drive others and complete task with enthusiasm would always show because of this we were thereby always moved to the front of the crowd. We also noticed that this same thing applies when were in the workplace; we were both again selected to be a leader after just a short time of displaying our abilities to charm and motivate. Gina noticed that she is always the person to excite employees and get them to produce at a faster pace when completing departmental tasks and goals. Gina saw that her managers are always pleased with her people skills and that they often use her as an example to her peers when adjusting or presenting new changes to the department. I identified that I was good at innovation at work and creating new ideas. Gina and I both welcome and look forward to change because it keeps and sparks our interest. We both despise boredom. DISC offered us so much information about our interactive style’s typical business characteristics such as wanting to be included by others in significant events such as research and brainstorming, resisting control and desiring freedom. In our personal lives we both also realized how our behavior style applied because we both don’t like when someone doesn’t give us their undivided attention and when were not given an opportunity to express ourselves or opinions.

Concepts Of Absolute And Comparative Advantage

Let us take an example of two farmers who are producing the same type of commodities, which are ground nuts and maize, from the same size of farms. If the two farmers decide to devote all their efforts in producing maize, their farm outputs will be as follows: farmer A – 600 bags; and farmer B – 200 bags. If they allocate their resources well and produce ground nuts, their output will be as follows: farmer A – 300 bags, and farmer B – 200 bags. We can say that that farmer A enjoys absolute advantage in producing both maize and groundnuts than farmer B.The two farmers can however still benefit from each other through specialization and commodity exchange. Farmer A has a comparative advantage in producing maize while farmer B has comparative advantage in producing groundnuts due to opportunity cost of production in both farms. Based on current economic conditions, make one argument in favor of more government involvement in the economy and one argument in fa vor of less government involvement in the economy. For many governments, involvement in their respective economies is important.This is because the governments can ensure that producers are not exploited due to lack of market for their products in by enhancing trade with other countries. The governments will thus procure ready markets for that product in other countries, hence promoting the economy in their home countries. Moreover, governmental involvement in their countries’ economies is important because it can ensure that business activities are regulated for a free enterprise and competition. Governments may also fight corruption in private sectors to ensure that consumers are not exploited by the large producers and monopolies.Diminishing marginal utility explains a lot about human behavior. For example, it helps illuminate why diets fail, romances fade, too much exercise harms us, and many other things. Select a human behavior and construct a â€Å"mini case studyâ₠¬  that highlights the workings of marginal utility. Take an example one being thirsty and instead of drinking water, deciding to go to a nearby kiosk or shop to drink a cold soda. The first soda they get may be very good or appetizing until they decide to take another one. For the first soda taking, on a scale of ten, the person can even score ten out of ten.For the second soda, since they have somehow quenched their thirst, they can score five out of ten. If they continue to take another soda, they can even not finish it and now score two out of ten. Read the LAST Word piece â€Å"Financing Social Security† listed below. Of the alternative approaches to repairing social security, which do you think makes the most sense, and why? As part of your answer find a recent (less than a year old) article on the subject and cite it. The approach that makes the most sense is investing the payroll taxes through personal retirement account.This approach is important because it can impr ove the standard of living of employees in the future after they have retired from work. Employees will be able to properly structure their incomes besides being allowed to get used in future to any need during their time of retirement. They may thus either start their own business or incase of death arises; they can leave those funds for their families. An advantage of using this approach is that new employees, who will perhaps be earning low incomes as compared to the old employees, will have to contribute fewer taxes toward the security fund.They will however continue increasing their remittances as their payroll will continue to rise up. Those funds must also be deducted throughout one’s life until they retire from your job. People will thus start receiving the benefits of that scheme, or in case of they die, their spouses or dependants can enjoy that benefit. Another importance is that workers of any income level are allowed to contribute to this scheme and build nest eg gs for their families. Personal retirement accounts are voluntary and young workers have an opportunity to open and continue with them for future benefits which could be a worth a presentable sum of money. Concepts Of Absolute And Comparative Advantage Let us take an example of two farmers who are producing the same type of commodities, which are ground nuts and maize, from the same size of farms. If the two farmers decide to devote all their efforts in producing maize, their farm outputs will be as follows: farmer A – 600 bags; and farmer B – 200 bags. If they allocate their resources well and produce ground nuts, their output will be as follows: farmer A – 300 bags, and farmer B – 200 bags. We can say that that farmer A enjoys absolute advantage in producing both maize and groundnuts than farmer B.The two farmers can however still benefit from each other through specialization and commodity exchange. Farmer A has a comparative advantage in producing maize while farmer B has comparative advantage in producing groundnuts due to opportunity cost of production in both farms. Based on current economic conditions, make one argument in favor of more government involvement in the economy and one argument in fa vor of less government involvement in the economy. For many governments, involvement in their respective economies is important.This is because the governments can ensure that producers are not exploited due to lack of market for their products in by enhancing trade with other countries. The governments will thus procure ready markets for that product in other countries, hence promoting the economy in their home countries. Moreover, governmental involvement in their countries’ economies is important because it can ensure that business activities are regulated for a free enterprise and competition. Governments may also fight corruption in private sectors to ensure that consumers are not exploited by the large producers and monopolies.Diminishing marginal utility explains a lot about human behavior. For example, it helps illuminate why diets fail, romances fade, too much exercise harms us, and many other things. Select a human behavior and construct a â€Å"mini case studyâ₠¬  that highlights the workings of marginal utility. Take an example one being thirsty and instead of drinking water, deciding to go to a nearby kiosk or shop to drink a cold soda. The first soda they get may be very good or appetizing until they decide to take another one. For the first soda taking, on a scale of ten, the person can even score ten out of ten.For the second soda, since they have somehow quenched their thirst, they can score five out of ten. If they continue to take another soda, they can even not finish it and now score two out of ten. Read the LAST Word piece â€Å"Financing Social Security† listed below. Of the alternative approaches to repairing social security, which do you think makes the most sense, and why? As part of your answer find a recent (less than a year old) article on the subject and cite it. The approach that makes the most sense is investing the payroll taxes through personal retirement account.This approach is important because it can impr ove the standard of living of employees in the future after they have retired from work. Employees will be able to properly structure their incomes besides being allowed to get used in future to any need during their time of retirement. They may thus either start their own business or incase of death arises; they can leave those funds for their families. An advantage of using this approach is that new employees, who will perhaps be earning low incomes as compared to the old employees, will have to contribute fewer taxes toward the security fund.They will however continue increasing their remittances as their payroll will continue to rise up. Those funds must also be deducted throughout one’s life until they retire from your job. People will thus start receiving the benefits of that scheme, or in case of they die, their spouses or dependants can enjoy that benefit. Another importance is that workers of any income level are allowed to contribute to this scheme and build nest eg gs for their families. Personal retirement accounts are voluntary and young workers have an opportunity to open and continue with them for future benefits which could be a worth a presentable sum of money.

Changing the Constitution Without the Amendment Process

Changing the Constitution Without the Amendment Process   Since its final ratification in 1788, the U.S. Constitution has been changed countless times by means other than the traditional and lengthy amendment process spelled out in Article V of the Constitution itself. In fact, there are five totally legal â€Å"other† ways the Constitution can be changed. Universally acclaimed for how much it accomplishes in so few words, the U.S. Constitution is also often criticized as being too brief- even â€Å"skeletal†- in nature. In fact, the Constitution’s framers knew the document could not and should not try to address every situation that the future might hold. Clearly, they wanted to ensure that the document allowed for flexibility in both its interpretation and future application. As a result, many changes have been made to the Constitution over the years without changing a word in it. The important process of changing the Constitution by means other than the formal amendment process has historically taken place and will continue to take place in five basic ways: Legislation enacted by CongressActions of the President of the United StatesDecisions of the federal courtsActivities of the political partiesThe application of custom Legislation The framers clearly intended that Congress- through the legislative process- add meat to the skeletal bones of the Constitution as required by the many unforeseen future events they knew were to come. While Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress 27 specific powers under which it is authorized to pass laws, Congress has and will continue to exercise its â€Å"implied powers† granted to it by Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the Constitution to pass laws it considers â€Å"necessary and proper† to best serve the people. Consider, for example, how Congress has fleshed out the entire lower federal court system from the skeletal framework created by the Constitution. In Article III, Section 1, the Constitution provides only for â€Å"one Supreme Court and †¦ such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain or establish.† The â€Å"from time to time† began less than a year after ratification when Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 establishing the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and creating the position of attorney general. All other federal courts, including courts of appeals and bankruptcy courts, have been created by subsequent acts of Congress. Similarly, the only top-level government offices created by Article II of the Constitution are the offices of the President and Vice President of the United States. All of the rest of the many other departments, agencies, and offices of the now-massive executive branch of government have been created by acts of Congress, rather than by amending the Constitution. Congress itself has expanded the Constitution in the ways it has used the â€Å"enumerated† powers granted to it in Article I, Section 8. For example, Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 grants Congress the power to regulate commerce between the states- â€Å"interstate commerce.† But what exactly is interstate commerce and what exactly does this clause give Congress the power to regulate? Over the years, Congress has passed hundreds of seemingly unrelated laws citing its power to regulate interstate commerce. For example, since 1927, Congress has virtually amended the Second Amendment by passing gun control laws based on its power to regulate interstate commerce. Presidential Actions Over the years, the actions of various presidents of the United States have essentially modified the Constitution. For example, while the Constitution specifically gives Congress the power to declare war, it also deems the president to be the â€Å"Commander in Chief† of all U.S. armed forces. Acting under that title, several presidents have sent American troops into combat without an official declaration of war enacted by Congress. While flexing the commander in chief title in this way is often controversial, presidents have used it to send U.S. troops into combat on hundreds of occasions. In such cases, Congress will sometimes pass declarations of war resolution as a show of support for the president’s action and the troops who have already been deployed to battle. Similarly, while Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution gives presidents the power- with a supermajority approval of the Senate- to negotiate and execute treaties with other countries, the treaty-making process is lengthy and the consent of the Senate always in doubt. As a result, presidents often unilaterally negotiate â€Å"executive agreements† with foreign governments accomplishing many of the same things accomplished by treaties. Under international law, executive agreements are just as legally binding on all of the nations involved. Decisions of the Federal Courts In deciding many cases that come before them, the federal courts, most notably the Supreme Court, are required to interpret and apply the Constitution. The purest example of this may be in the 1803 Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison. In this early landmark case, the Supreme Court first established the principle that the federal courts could declare an act of Congress null and void if it finds that law to be inconsistent with the Constitution. In his  historic majority opinion in Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall wrote, â€Å"†¦ it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.† Ever since Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court has stood as the final decider of the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress. In fact, President Woodrow Wilson once called the Supreme Court a â€Å"constitutional convention in continuous session.† Political Parties Despite the fact that the Constitution makes no mention of political parties, they have clearly forced constitutional changes over the years. For example, neither the Constitution nor federal law provides for a method of nominating presidential candidates. The entire primary and convention process of nomination has been created and often amended by the leaders of the major political parties. While not required by or even suggested in the Constitution, both chambers of Congress are organized and conduct the legislative process based on party representation and majority power. In addition, presidents often fill high-level appointed government positions based on political party affiliation. The framers of the Constitution intended the electoral college system of actually electing the president and vice president to be little more than a procedural â€Å"rubber stamp† for certifying the results of each state’s popular vote in presidential elections. However, by creating state-specific rules for selecting their electoral college electors and dictating how they might vote, the political parties have at least modified the electoral college system over the years. Customs History is full of examples of how custom and tradition have expanded the Constitution. For example, the existence, form, and purpose of the vitally important president’s cabinet itself is a product of custom rather than the Constitution. On all eight occasions when a president has died in office, the vice president has followed the path of presidential succession to be sworn into the office. The most recent example happened in 1963  when Vice President Lyndon Johnson replaced the recently assassinated President John F. Kennedy. However, until the ratification of the 25th Amendment in 1967- four years later- the Constitution provided that only the duties, rather than the actual title as president, should be transferred to the vice president.

Accounting as a discipline has no theory. Critically evaluate this statement and provide examples to illustrate your argument.

Accounting as a discipline has no theory. Critically evaluate this statement and provide examples to illustrate your argument. Accounting is concerned with the collection, analysis and communication of economic information, which can be used to make decisions and plans about business by various users. The Committee On Terminology of the American Institute of Certified Pubic Accountants defined accounting as follows: "Accounting is the art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in past at least, of a financial character and interpreting the results thereof". (Ahmeo Riahi-Belkaou, page 32) Accounting is said to be a language used to communicate information to people. Accounting is also an intellectual discipline and a profession. Moreover, accounting is socially constructed and practiced by people for people, which influence workings and relationships in society.The history of accounting stretches back to when the first ancient accounting system began, which was originally based on measurement and recording activities, and th en the significant emergence of double-entry bookkeeping around the 15th century, as a basis for further accounting development that consequently resulted in modern Ango-American accounting in the 20th century.Clay accounting tokens, Susa, Uruk period.Whereas accounting was mainly an "internal matter" where the proprietors were close to the business, the growth of companies led to the requirement of stewardship accounting. As a result of further industrial development, changing social environment and establishment of professional accounting bodies, the accounting theory should systematically develop in accordance with importance of accounting in modern society. In recent years, more and more theorists start to assess the nature of accounting theory as well as argue whether there is an accounting theory or not.In this essay, I am going to exam the definition of accounting theory and provide evidence to ascertain the existence of a complete accounting theory.A theory is defined as "a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions and propositions that...

Transportation Before, During & After the Industrial Revolution (if Essay

Transportation Before, During & After the Industrial Revolution (if you have a better idea please feel free to use it) - Essay Example 213) wrote, mankind has used these five machines –lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley, and screw – for many years. What happened shortly before and during the industrial revolution was that scientists and inventors found ways to combine these machines, control their use, and improve the efficiency in the way these machines worked. The keys to these (Van Doren, 1991, p. 214-215) were the works of great scientists – Galileo, Descartes, and Newton in the 17th and early 18th centuries – that explained why and how these simple machines did what they did. On top of this radical way of thinking, a process now known as the scientific method, were built the early inventions of Arkwright (water frame), Hargreaves (spinning jenny), Crompton (weaving), Whitney (cotton gin), and others whose machines were powered by the steam engine, developed in England by Newcomen, Watt, and Trevithick and in the United States by Evans (Bergen, 2006). The industrial revolution was marked by changes in several aspects of ordinary life: the way people worked, where and how they lived, the new uses for raw materials mined under the earth, the creation of wealth, and how the money was stored and spent. From the etymology (OED, 2001) of the word â€Å"transport†, which combines the Latin words trans meaning â€Å"across† and portare meaning â€Å"to carry†, we propose a general definition of the transport industry as one that exists and develops to meet the growing needs of people to move themselves and their goods from one place to another. Movement or motion is one of the signs of life, and our human history chronicles the movements of peoples for different reasons: escaping from natural disasters, searching for greener pastures, trading with other people, or invading peoples and territories for enslavement, preservation of territorial peace, or the accumulation of power, among other possible reasons. In each of these examples, people moved their bodies and the things

Workable methodology II Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workable methodology II - Research Proposal Example In this regard, in order to have an insight of the current situation, the study will gather information from incarcerated offenders and facilities staff. The study will be concerned about the current programs used by Alabama Department of Corrections and their effectiveness in relation to modifying the behaviors of women offenders. The women will be requested to provide their views in relation to what contributed to their incarceration, how different they feel being in the correction center, and what they expect after their release. This will give a base on what can be done to improve the situation. On the same note, the study will also gather information from former incarcerated women. This will help the researcher in gaining an insight of their experiences in prison and after they were released. Basically, the respondents will provide information such as their views on whether the programs they were subjected to during their jail term helped in modifying their behaviors or not. In addition, the researcher will seek to know if there are any after release/follow up programs in place, and if there are, their perception on their effectiveness as far as behavior modification is concerned. In addition, since the current programs seem to be applied to both male and female offenders, it would be necessary to have male offenders included in the study. This will help the researcher to have an understanding of the differences of effectiveness that these programs have for female and male offenders. This will help to modify the existing treatment programs or identify new programs that will be more effective than the current ones. In this regard, the researcher will purposively sample male offenders and former male offenders, who have been subjected to treatment programs similar to those that selected female offender participants, have been subjected. This will help to evaluate the impact these programs have to both male and female offenders. In addition, facilities staff will play a crucial role in highlighting major challenges or achievements they experience in their line of duty. The use of questionnaire The questionnaire will be utilized to collect information from the service provider (staff members) because they are help to be straight forward and less time consuming for both the researcher and the participants. Use of questionnaires will make it possible to reach correction centers staff members participating in the study since they will only be required to fill in the questionnaire at their own convenient time (Bryman & Bell, 2003). The questionnaire will contain closed and open-ended items that are meant to capture the responses of the participants regarding the issue under investigation. Use of the interview guide On the other hand, interview method will be used to gather information from offenders since it offers high response quality, and offers an in-depth scrutiny of the phenomena at hand information (Bryman & Bell, 2003). This will be useful in determining how treatment programs are effective in behavior modification of female offenders. Validity and reliability/pilot project In regard to testing the validity and reliability of the instruments to be used for the study, the instruments will be given to two independent experts from the counseling psychology. The views from the two experts will be welcome. The recommended changes in the instruments will be made accordingly. This process is vital because it will ensure reliability and consistency of measurement before the actual research. With a sensitive case like the current phenomena, it is always important to have accurate instruments in place. In addition, before the actual study, there will be a pilot test of the instruments, which will be